Addiction, childhood experiences and nurse's role in prevention: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Parenting approach and early childhood experiences are thought to be two important factors in the initiation of substance use. AIMS: We aimed to explore the nurse's role in the prevention of childhood addiction. METHODS: In this qualitative study we conducted in-depth interviews with young men and women who were either in treatment for their addiction or were active drug users as well as with family members and nurses. The data analysis followed Strauss and Corbin's constant comparison method. RESULTS: The data analysis revealed six categories: traumatic events during childhood, inappropriate parenting approach, Lack of knowledge and a tolerant attitude toward drug use, turning a blind eye on the threat of drug use, nurses' poor experience of drug use prevention, and the lack of a clear definition of the nurse's role in prevention of drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses who work with young people and their families have a special opportunity for prevention, early detection and timely intervention for drug dependency.

Mobile Phone Addiction Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: Mobile phone addiction among children and adolescents has become a concern for all. To date, focuses have been given to Internet addiction, but comprehensive overview of mobile phone addiction is lacking. The review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of mobile phone addiction among children and adolescents. METHODS: Electronic databases search included Medline, Proquest, Pubmed, EBSCO host, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, OVID, Springer, Wiley online library, and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria were studies including children and adolescents, studies published in peer-reviewed journals, and studies focusing on mobile phone addiction or problematic use of mobile phone. A systematic search identified 12 descriptive studies, which met inclusion criteria, but no interventional study met the criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of problematic mobile phone use was found to be 6.3% in the overall population (6.1% among boys and 6.5% among girls), whereas another study found 16% among the adolescents. The review finds that excessive or overuse of mobile phone was associated with feeling insecurity; staying up late at night; impaired parent-child relationship; impaired school relationships; psychological problems such as behavioral addiction like compulsive buying and pathological gambling, low mood, tension and anxiety, leisure boredom, and behavioral problems, among which most pronounced association was observed for hyperactivity followed by conduct problems and emotional symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Though mobile phone use helps in maintaining social relationship, mobile phone addiction among children and adolescents needs urgent attention. Interventional studies are needed to address these emerging issues.

Effectiveness of School-based Health Center Delivery of a Cognitive Skills Building Intervention in Young, Rural Adolescents: Potential Applications for Addiction and Mood.

PURPOSE: Uniquely positioned, school nurses address two of the most critical adolescent health issues - addiction and mood. Cognitive behavioral therapy, the mainstay in management of adolescent mood disorders, demonstrates promise in the treatment and prevention of addictive behaviors. Quality decision-making may protect adolescents from substance abuse. Executive function, a neurocognitive aspect of decision-making, involves impulse control, future thinking, and behavioral regulation. Further, the continuum of addition implicates executive function, which makes executive function a viable target for prevention and treatment of substance use. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a nurse-led cognitive skills training intervention, Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment, on executive function and mood in a novel population and setting. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study sample included adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 15 years and enrolled in a rural school-based health center. Fifteen (n = 15) adolescents completed the seven-week cognitive skills building intervention led by a nurse practitioner. Researchers measured executive function, anxiety, and depression at: baseline, after the intervention series, and three-months later. RESULTS: One domain of executive function - behavioral regulation - improved, as did anxiety. Depression showed short-term improvement. Metacognition did not change over time. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results indicate that cognitive skills building delivered by school nurses may enhance aspects of executive function linked with addiction and coping, such as behavioral regulation. Further, this intervention may also improve mood in this population. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Delivery of cognitive skills training by school nurses could be an accessible, effective piece in addressing addiction and mood in young, rural adolescents.

An Old Treatment for an Even Older Problem: Does Psychoanalysis Have a Role in the Treatment of Addictive Disorders? A Review of the Literature.

The fact that addictive disorders have a significant negative impact on the health of the global population is well documented in contemporary health literature. What is less well documented is the uncomfortable realization that the tools in our armament to help individuals who struggle with addictive disorders are limited. Many individuals will spend their lives "cycling" through the addiction treatment continuum only to again be met with relapse. Third-party reimbursement for addiction treatment has focused on time-limited treatments and "brief" therapies with an additional emphasis on support group attendance (aka "free" services) with minimal focus on the fact that brief therapies have poor evidence for efficacy. In this article, we explore an alternative to brief therapies by reaching back to the earliest and most comprehensive treatment we have for behavioral change-psychoanalysis. This article engages in a literature review to determine whether sufficient evidence exists for the use of psychoanalysis as a treatment for addictive disorders. Implications for advanced practice psychiatric nurses are discussed.

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Internet Addiction Among Youth and Adults.

This study aimed to compare emotional intelligence (EI) levels and Internet addiction (IA) by gender and age groups and to assess the predictive relationship between EI and IA. One thousand four hundred thirteen young people and adults participated in the study. Participants were between 17 and 81 years old (M = 38.70 years old, SD = 13.72 years old); 42.2% were male, whereas 57.5% were female. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte, Malouff, & Bhullar, 2009), and the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998) as data collection instruments. Results showed that there is a weak, but statistically significant, negative relationship between EI and IA. We found higher levels of EI in older people and in women than in the youngest participants and in men. No relevant prevalence of IA was found in the participants of this study.

Evaluation of a School-Based Program for Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Turkey.

This study aimed to evaluate a school-based program for Internet addiction, the Healthy Internet Use Program, with adolescents in Turkey. Forty-one students were included in the intervention group, and the control group was composed of 43 students. All students were from two primary schools. Students in the intervention group participated in the Healthy Internet Use Program, which was developed in accordance with the literature. The intervention group was given eight training sessions over a 3-month period, and their parents were given two training and consultancy sessions. Data were collected using a data collection form and the Internet Addiction Scale. The third evaluation of the Internet Addiction Scale scores showed a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (p < .05). The fourth evaluation of the Internet Addiction Scale points showed a highly significant difference between the two groups (p < .001). The findings suggest that use of the Healthy Internet Use Program decreases the rate of Internet addiction among adolescents.

[Nursing role and risk reduction for drug users]. / Rôle infirmier et réduction des risques pour usagers de drogues.

The Ithaque association is a drop-in and risk reduction centre for drug users. It caters for anyone 'overwhelmed' by an addiction with a view to supporting them in the treatment approach they wish to undertake. Nurses play a key role throughout the user's care pathway.

[Patients and caregivers in the treatment of addictions]. / Patients et soignants dans la prise en charge des addictions.

Since the 1980s, risk and harm reduction has been a public health issue in the area of addictions. A new approach has been adopted with drug users, who are considered as patients like any other and players in their own health care. The therapeutic alliance with the caregiver is therefore essential.

The Effect of Adolescents' Internet Addiction on Smartphone Addiction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adolescents' Internet addiction levels on smartphone addiction. METHODS: This study included 609 students from three high schools that are located in western Turkey. Numbers, percentages, and averages were used to evaluate the sociodemographic data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to determine whether the data had a normal distribution. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 12.3 ± 0.9 years. Of them, 52.3% were male, and 42.8% were 10th graders. All participants had smartphones, and 89.4% of them connected to the Internet continuously with their smartphones. The study found that there was a statistically significant correlation between Internet addiction and smartphone addiction. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: It was determined that male adolescents with high levels of Internet addiction also had high smartphone addiction levels. On the other hand, sociodemographic variables had no statistically significant effect on smartphone addiction. A number of studies in the relevant literature examined the effects of Internet addiction on adolescents' smartphone addiction. However, findings of this study are unique because they are specific to the Turkish culture, and there is a limited database in Turkey regarding this issue. The researchers believe that the findings of this study will be beneficial to show the importance of the issue in the international arena and to guide further studies to prevent this addiction because there is no reliable database about smartphone addiction in Turkey.

Psychosocial Factors Affecting Smartphone Addiction in University Students.

Smartphone addiction is a recent concern that has resulted from the dramatic increase in worldwide smartphone use. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate psychosocial factors affecting smartphone addiction in university students. The study was performed among students at the Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun School of Health (Samsun, Turkey) on October-December 2015. Four hundred ninety-four students possessing smartphones and agreeing to participate were included. A sociodemographic data form produced by the authors and consisting of 10 questions was administered together with a questionnaire involving the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Flourishing Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The questionnaires were applied in a class environment at face-to-face interviews. SAS-SV scores of 6.47% of students were "significantly higher" than the participating group mean SAS-SV score. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, anxiety and insomnia, and familial social support statistically, significantly predicted smartphone addiction. Further studies of smartphone addiction in different age groups and with different educational levels are now needed.

[Contemporary behavioural addictions, an overview and the nursing position]. / Addictions comportementales contemporaines, état des lieux et positionnement soignant.

Behavioural addiction is characterised by thoughts focused on a particular activity and its repetition, with a significant amount of time devoted to this activity at the expense of others. The nurse must adapt to these addicts by treating them as individuals without judging them and by trying to understand how they have tried, through this behaviour, to resolve their issues. The challenge is to reposition the body at the heart of the nursing relationship.

[Prevention and understanding of addictive practices in emergency departments]. / Prévention et prise en compte des pratiques addictives aux urgences.

Nurses must adopt a supportive and caring approach to patients with an addiction during their virtually systematic visit to emergency departments. If they detect symptoms of addiction, nurses can then promote a strategy of prevention and long-term treatment.

[All the bodies of anorexia]. / Tous les corps de l'anorexie.

Anorexia is an active struggle against hunger. In this fight, the body is a real battlefield where the therapies used aim to re-establish peace. Hence the importance of an integrative 'body to body' approach between patient and caregiver.

[Anorexia and borderline personality disorder : bonds pathology]. / Anorexie mentale et trouble borderline : une pathologie du lien.

Comorbidity with a borderline personality disorder is far from rare in patients suffering from eating disorders. Clinically, this presents as chronic instability in many areas: interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, mood and acting out. Treatment is mainly based on a containing and reassuring therapeutic framework. A care plan may be put in place that incorporates reducing impulsive harmful, eating and self-harming behaviours. Dialectical behaviour therapy is intended in particular to prevent suicide risk in borderline personality disorder patients.

Tecnopatología. La nueva epidemia del siglo XXI / Technopathology: the new epidemic of the 21st century

Las nuevas tecnologías han supuesto un cambio en las formas de comunicación, debido a que el acceso a la información a través de Internet es continuo y lo ha convertido en algunos casos en un hábito adictivo. A través de este artículo, trataremos de analizar, tanto desde el punto de vista biológico como psicológico y social, las patologías que han surgido por el uso excesivo de las TIC (AU)

The new technologies have brought with them a change in the way of communication. The access to information through the Internet is continuous, to the point that, in some cases, it has become into an addiction. Through this article, we would try to analyze from the biologic point of view as the psychological and social ones, the pathologies that have emerged due to the excessive use of the ICTs (AU)

[The admission interview in addictology, nursing practices and skills]. / L'entretien d'accueil en addictologie, pratiques et compétences infirmières.

The reception of a patient in addictology determines how the care will proceed. The setting up of nurse-patient admission interviews adapted to the request for addiction treatment helps professionals meet the patients' needs in terms of listening, guidance, consideration and care. How should the nurse approach this call for help, this "desire" or this necessity for addicted patients to get help? What skills does she need to use?